This paper discusses how to realise the substantial economic benefits from digital facilitation of international trade. We distinguish digital facilitation from the wider concept of digital trade and note the quantitative large benefits of “going paperless”. We identify 64 distinct business...

This paper is an examination of adoption of distributed ledgers in financial services. We review more than one hundred initiatives and a large practitioner literature, considering fourteen areas of application and seven case studies, in order to provide both a conceptual analysis of these...

New financial technologies (FinTech) have erupted around the world. Consequently, there has been a considerable increase in academic literature on FinTech over the last five years. Research tends to be scantily connected with no coherent research agenda. Signi - cant research gaps and important...

New financial technologies (FinTech) have erupted around the world. Consequently, there has been a considerable increase in academic literature on FinTech over the last five years. Research tends to be scantily connected with no coherent research agenda. Significant research gaps and important...

We review the legal and regulatory framework covering alternative (‘peer-to-peer' or ‘marketplace') lending platforms in the US, China, the UK and more briefly other countries. The main regulatory concerns are (i) enforcing consumer credit rules for unsecured personal lending; and (ii)...

This paper reviews the development and assesses the future of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending in China. Chinese P2P lending has expanded by a factor of 60 over the four years from 2013 and 2017. Consequently, it is now much greater, both in absolute terms and relative to the size of the economy, than...

In the context of recent developments with cryptocurrencies, as well as the potential rise of central bank digital currencies, we present a new visualisation of money. Using three novel figures, we distinguish between the relevant mechanisms, technologies, recordkeeping, and transactions of...