The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 was the biggest earthquake recorded in Japanese seismic history, and …-generated electric power has largely been cut off since then. Production supply chains were significantly disrupted, not only in Japan …, but all over Asia. The disaster also highlighted Japan's many other structural challenges besides reconstruction needs …

Japan's "two lost decades" perhaps represent an extreme example of a weak recovery from a financial crisis, and are now …

rates in two developed economies, the United States (US) and Japan. We demonstrate that the assumed asymmetric trade … supply shock in the PRC. Specifically, Japan is under a greater deflationary pressure than the US because of its vertical … trade specialization vis-à-vis the PRC and the PRC's USdollar- pegged regime. This outcome suggests that, even though Japan …

eventually resolved by a series of policies implemented from that period, together with an export-led economic recovery. Japan … regulatory measures to do so, as was done in Japan in 2002. Economic stagnation can cause new nonperforming loans to emerge …

In this paper we examine the changing nature of Japan's commercial policy over the last 25 years while reviewing Japan …'s changing structure of trade, FDI and economy that underlay policy changes. We argue that until the late 1990s Japan adopted a … Japan-US bilateralism sometimes resulted in managed trade and encountered negative perceptions of the US approach in Japan …