: to reduce their risk of replacement, group leaders prevent both group members and soldiers from acting collectively …, making it difficult for leaders to make credible commitments to them. Lifting the assumption that groups are unitary shifts … predation on civilians: leaders who prefer to limit military organization are more likely to pursue these tactics. Leader …

: to reduce their risk of replacement, group leaders prevent both group members and soldiers from acting collectively …, making it difficult for leaders to make credible commitments to them. Lifting the assumption that groups are unitary shifts … predation on civilians: leaders who prefer to limit military organization are more likely to pursue these tactics. Leader …

: to reduce their risk of replacement, group leaders prevent both group members and soldiers from acting collectively …, making it difficult for leaders to make credible commitments to them. Lifting the assumption that groups are unitary shifts … predation on civilians: leaders who prefer to limit military organization are more likely to pursue these tactics. Leader …

Performance feedback is a pervasive element of education, management, marketing, and the entire gaming industry. Prior … guidance about whether standard performance feedback, combined with gaming elements, yields greater effort. We report the … introduces narratives into the task. Compared to standard performance feedback, gamification significantly increases effort in a …

promises, and explores the distributional consequences of this decision, in a setting where party credibility can vary. When … campaign promises. When political credibility is sufficiently low, some voter groups are targeted only with vote buying and not …