The problem of controlling a stochastic process, with unknown parameters over an infinite horizon, with discounting is considered. Agents express beliefs about unknown parameters in terms of distributions. Under general conditions, the sequence of beliefs converges to a limit distribution. The...

Insurance aspects of tax policies are studied in a simple intertemporal general equilibrium model in which agents are uncertain about both the future wage rates and the rate of return on capital. Taxation and lump-sum subsidy policies generally reduce employment, output, and the capital stock...

This paper is concerned with the need for, and the implications of, $-optimality in learning problems. The authors consider a control problem in which a Bayesian decisionmaker faces a trade-off between expected current reward and accumulation of information. An example showing the need for the...

Using the model structure of Easley and O'Hara, we demonstrate how the parameters of the market-maker's beliefs can be estimated from trade data. We show how to extract information from both trade and no-trade intervals, and how intraday and interday data provide information. We derive and...

Purchased order flow refers to the practice of dealers or trading locales paying brokers for retail order flow. It is alleged that such agreements are used to 'cream skim' uninformed liquidity trades, leaving the information-based trades to established markets. We develop a test of this...