More than 10 years ago, Amartya Sen estimated than some 100 million women are 'missing' as a result of excess female … exacting on women in these parts of the world. All these estimates 'missing women' were based on demographic information of the … 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, there has been considerable speculation about current trends of gender bias in mortality …

apply a new "flow" measure of "missing women" to estimate the extent of gender bias in mortality in developing countries … of missing women are confirmed. The one finding that remains and deserves further attention is some evidence of gender …. Contrary to the existing literature, they find that the problem of gender bias in mortality is as severe among adults as it is …

. -- Missing women ; fertility decline ; Hepatitis B ; sex-selective abortions ; gender bias in mortality …This paper discusses two recent controversies surrounding levels and trends in the number of "missing women" in the … world. First, the impact of fertility decline on gender bias in mortality is examined. Contrary to the expectations of some …

developing world by defining the term "missing women" and estimating its number. In this paper we provide an update on the number … of missing women based on most recent demographic data. Our preferred estimate suggests that the number of missing women … (in particular women's education and women's employment) have improved in most regions and contributed to the relative …

differences in women's economic opportunities and constraints. The paper also shows that these gender gaps not only affect gender …Gender relations are a key institution governing important aspects of production and reproduction of societies. They … heterogeneity in gender inequality in formal and informal social institutions. The literature on long‐term drivers of gender gaps …

as well as how the system does not appear to reach the poorest parts of the population and leaves women under represented … workers, and very low for women. SENAI also appears to promote regional migration …