with the productivity gap between foreign and domestic firms. The intuition is that foreign firms locate where their … competitive advantage is highest and thus enter countries where their productivity is higher relative to domestic firms. We test …

We investigate theoretically and empirically the role of wholesalers in mediating the productivity effects of trade … liberalization. Intermediaries provide indirect access to foreign produced inputs. The productivity effects of input tariff cuts on … firms experience productivity gains from reducing input tariffs if trade intermediation of foreign inputs within their …