Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly facing global environmental issues which require coordinated market and non-market strategic responses. This article analyses the strategic responses by US and European multinational enterprises in the oil industry to the global climate change...

Behind pessimistic expectations regarding the future of an international climate treaty, substantial changes can be observed in company positions. Multinationals in the oil and car industries are increasingly moving toward support for the Kyoto Protocol, and take measures to address climate...