We employ a generalized additive model with complexity-penalized splines to estimate the trend in BMI values of both adults and children, using data in the 18 cycles of the NHANES surveys. To ensure a consistent obesogenic environment across survey participants, we restrict the sample to...

The physical stature of lower- and upper-class English youth are compared to one another and to their European and North American counterparts. The height gap between the rich and poor was the greatest in England, reaching 22 cm at age 16. The poverty-stricken English children were shorter for...