In recent decades, the WTO has resulted in a worldwide reduction of tariffs and VERs. Instead a new type of trade policy has emerged in the form of antidumping measures. In principle their use should be limited to instances of unfair foreign imports. However, even without unfair pricing, a...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the interaction between union bargaining power and the likelihood and type of European antidumping measures (duties and undertakings) in imperfectly competitive product markets. We present a simple theoretical model which is well embedded in EU legal...