over the business cycle. We used mass layoffs to estimate the causal effects of involuntary job loss on fertility in the … estimator was employed. We find that the extent to which job displacement had adverse effects on fertility depended on the …

Family strongly influences personal well-being-especially in the case of refugees, whose family members often remain in … their homeland. This report is the first to closely examine the well-being and family structures of refugees who came to … or wife living abroad. If the nuclear family is living in Germany-which is more often the case for women than men …