This paper analyses the development in relative efficiency of Danish banks in the period 2001-2012. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) techniques, we find that mean relative efficiency increased during the expansive period 2003-2007, while it decreased...

This paper analyses the role of bank-specific and business cycle factors in explaining the development of credit standards and loan volumes of the larger Danish banks during the recent financial crisis. The analysis is based on a unique panel data set combining the individual answers from the...

Private investment in advanced economies contracted sharply during the most recent financial crisis. Using firm-level data from Denmark, this paper argues that the high leverage, which was build up by some firms before the crisis, contributed to the reduction in investment during the crisis, in...

Using Danish household level data, we find that a relatively large share of total interest-only mortgage debt is held by families with few liquid assets and high loan to value ratios. This may arise because families with interest-only loans do not fully use the lower instalments to increase...

This paper studies Danish non-financial firms' debt financing decisions during covid-19 with a focus on the impact of government support measures. The growth in credit from banks and mortgage banks to firms has been modest during the pandemic, and many firms reduced their debt level in the...

Since 2022 the European Central Bank and Danmarks Nationalbank have increased their key monetary policy rates at a record pace. This study shows that the pass-through to retail rates has been stronger in Denmark than in the euro area so far. Interest rate fixation periods are shorter in Denmark,...

We have estimated a new measure of pension wealth gains, covering the working-age population in Denmark during 2015-2022, in collaboration with Statistics Denmark. By linking this new data to the existing income and tax registers at the individual level, we provide a full picture of net...

This memo studies the impact of demographic shifts and income inequality on the evolution of savings rates in Denmark, and compares with evidence from the US. Income inequality has followed similar trends in Denmark as in the US, and savings rates vary in a similar way over the life cycle and...

We analyse differences in inflation rates between poor and rich households that arise from heterogeneity in household consumption baskets. Over the 1996 – 2020 period, inflation differences by income are small. From 2020 on, inflation has been about 3pp higher at the bottom of the income...

House prices increased considerably in Denmark during the pandemic, while consumption remained moderate. This memo explores the nature of the muted consumption response based on a unique data set with estimates of the value of almost all single- and multi-family houses in Denmark obtained from a...