Just as friendly arguments based on an ignorance of facts eventually led to the creation of the definitive Guinness Book of World Records, any argument about university rankings has seemingly been a problem without a solution. To state the obvious, alternative rankings methodologies can and do...

The main aim of this paper is to know if business climate can be consider like a cause of sub Saharan African export’s dependence against raw materials, and, for this purpose, we have assessed, in panel data, the effect of business climate in cfa farnc zone on the manufactured exports of...

The main aim of this paper is to know if infrastructures/technology can be consider like a cause of sub Saharan African export’s dependence against raw materials, and, for this purpose, we have assessed, in panel data, the effect of availables infrastructures/technology in cfa farnc zone on...

The main aim of this paper is to know if the real exchange rate misalignment can be consider like a cause of sub Saharan African export’s dependence against raw materials, and, for, this purpose, we have acess, in panel data, the effect of cfa franc misalignment on the manufactured exports of...

The main aim of this paper is to know if foreign direct investment can be consider like a cause of sub Saharan African export’s dependence against raw materials, and, for this purpose, we have assessed, in panel data, the effect of foreign direct investment in cfa franc zone on her...

The main aim of this paper is to know if infrastructures/technology and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be consider like a cause of sub Saharan African export’s dependence against raw materials, and, for this purpose, we have assessed, in panel data, the effect of...

This paper uses panel data from 88 countries to examine the relationship between per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption. The results show that per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption are cointegrated. Also, there is a two-way short-run, long-run and strong causality between...

This paper looks at the relationship between patents and economic growth in Japan and South Korea using both individual country and panel data. For the econometric estimation, we use annual data for 1963-2005. For Japan, we find that the logarithms of real GDP and the number of patents are...