trend (purely externalnon-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters).We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of‘technology’. Thus our definition of production … to producer specificexternal economic factors. These exogenous technology shifters are aggregated (via hedonicaggregator …

low-tech industries. However, with regard to firms’technical efficiency, R&D matters for all industries (unlike capital …

trend (purely external non-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters). We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of ‘technology’. Thus our definition of production … function is amended to accommodate several technology shifters which are not separable from the traditional inputs. That is …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …