objective of this paper is to assess to what extent validation and renewal fees as well as translation costs affect the … validation behavior of applicants. Translation costs seem to have an impact as well. The important role played by fees suggests …

system. We develop an econometric model at the patent level to quantify the impact of office fees and translation costs on … firms' decision to validate a patent in a particular country once it has been granted by the EPO. These costs have been … disregarded in previous studies. The results suggest that both translation costs and fees for validation and renewals have a …