traditional macro approach to estimating the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) does not handle them well. To counter … jointly considering the effects of R&D and the impact of non-R&D innovation activities on the productivity levels of ?firms …

-2007, was the limited growth in terms of output per worker and total factor productivity (TFP), which in combination with wage … human capital, as well as the gap of transport infrastructure capital) to the productivity of labour and the temporal … evolution of TFP over the period 1989-2010. The results of our analysis provide strong evidence of stagnation in productivity …