internal finance resources, measured by cash-flow, affect the propensity to apply for a patent as well as the number of patent … economic expansion there is no significant association between internal finance and patent applications. Further, the … sensitivity of patent applications to cash-flow is limited to firms with low equity-ratio. Among high equity firms the pattern of …

number of patent applications, even after controlling for the standard variables of a patent study. The results are based on …

innovation activities captured by patent applications, firm characteristics, international trade and the regional milieu. …

regional innovation systems and international knowledge flow by using trade data on openness. The study distinguishes between … new competence creation as proxied by patent applications and new competence exploitation captured by the frequency of …