contributing firms substantially increased their bank financing relative to a control group after each election, indicating that … access to bank finance is an important channel through which political connections operate. We estimate the economic costs of …

The appropriate level of bank capital and, more generally, a bank's capacity to absorb losses, has been at the core of … to avoid imposing losses on bank creditors or resorting to public recapitalizations of banks in past banking crises. The … bank credit and lending rates. Its findings broadly support the range of loss absorbency suggested by the Financial …

explain about two-thirds of the variation of bank capitalization over the business cycle. We estimate that provisioning …