The paper discusses the relevance of past concerns about trade and foreign direct investment diversion to the detriment of Asian suppliers and hosts as a result of EU integration deepening and widening in the nineties. Based on recent empirical evidence, these concerns are rejected. As concerns...

Vor dem Reformprozeß hatte sich die Sowjetunion weitgehend vom Weltmarkt abgekoppelt. Gleichzeitig gab es ein eng geknüpftes Netz interregionaler Lieferverflechtungen über die Grenzen der Republiken hinweg. Mit der politischen Desintegration traten Eigeninteressen der ehemaligen...

This paper discusses the issue whether developing countries forego chances in world manufactured markets by protecting intermediate services against market entry of new suppliers. By scanning the empirical literature on effective rates of protection (ERP), the evidence is supportive. Yet, it...