trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

.g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and …

.g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and …

reduce world carbon emissions. We analyze the effects of carbon tariffs on trade, welfare and carbon emissions in a multi …-sector, two-factor gravity model. The introduction of carbon tariffs reduces welfare in most countries, but the effect tends to be …Carbon tariffs are one prominently discussed environmental policy. The proponents stress the carbon tariffs' ability to …

generating import tariffs. This gives rise to a new type of welfare isomorphisms across models and liberalization scenarios and …Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (ACR, 2012) prove that, conditional on the change in openness, the welfare … allows deriving a structurally identical optimal tariff formula. In contrast to the case of iceberg trade costs, welfare …

We derive a simple equation for the welfare gains from trade when tariffs are liberalized or iceberg trade costs fall … the analysis of Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2012) to encompass revenue-generating import tariffs. Our formula …. We show analytically that an analysis based on iceberg costs necessarily underestimates the welfare gains from trade …

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to … iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of … quantification based on countries' observed degrees of openness, tariff revenues, and on the gravity elasticities of tariffs and …