trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

country's relative size or relative average productivity. Furthermore, in the two-country Nash equilibrium, tariffs turn out … to be strategic substitutes. Small or poor economies set lower Nash tariffs than large or rich ones. Lower transportation … costs or smaller fixed market entry costs induce higher equilibrium tariffs and larger welfare losses relative to the case …

generating import tariffs. This gives rise to a new type of welfare isomorphisms across models and liberalization scenarios and …

We derive a simple equation for the welfare gains from trade when tariffs are liberalized or iceberg trade costs fall … the analysis of Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2012) to encompass revenue-generating import tariffs. Our formula … countries with relatively high status quo tariffs, our formula predicts 30-60\% larger gains from trade than the icebergs only …

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to … iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of … quantification based on countries' observed degrees of openness, tariff revenues, and on the gravity elasticities of tariffs and …

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to … iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of … quantification based on countries observed degrees of openness, tariff revenues, and on the gravity elasticities of tariffs and …

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to … iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of … quantification based on countries' observed degrees of openness, tariff revenues, and on the gravity elasticities of tariffs and …

.g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and …

.g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and …