This paper questions whether the overseas expansion of a country’s retailers fosters overall bilateral exports towards these host markets. To address this question, we consider an empirical trade model, where the foreign sales of multinational retailers reduce the fixed and variable trade...

This paper questions whether the overseas expansion of a country’s retailers fosters overall bilateral exports towards these host markets. To address this question, we consider an empirical trade model, where the foreign sales of multinational retailers reduce the fixed and variable trade...

From the French exporters’ point of view, the purpose of this article is to understand the extent by which the European (EU) market remains fragmented. Based on Chaney’s model (Chaney, 2008) it is shown here that to enter the market, the firm’s productivity must be higher...