Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as...

Understanding how economies change through the interactions with science and governance as different spheres of activity, requires either new conceptual tools or advances in existing ones. In this paper the evolution of the metaphor of a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations...

In the original Triple Helix model (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995), the three "helices" of Universities, Industry and Government and the (3-way) interactions among and between them were proposed as a basis for looking at how entrepreneurship comes into being. Since the original article, other...