Private tutoring in South Korea is quite pervasive. In 2006, the household sector spent 2.57% of the nation's GDP on private tutoring for primary and secondary school students. Government spending on those students was about 3.5% of GDP, which is about the average level among OECD countries....

As South Korea's economy grows, her education sector has expanded dramatically as well. In 2000, although the government spent 3.5% of GDP on formal primary and secondary schooling (comparable to other OECD countries), households spent about the same amount on private tutoring. We argue that the...

This paper confirms that Korean higher education sector is highly hierarchical in which public and private institutions compete. In general, 4-year institutions (universities) specialize in higher quality spectrum, whereas 2-year institutions (colleges) specialize in lower quality spectrum with...