This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

Informality and informal employment are wide-spread and growing phenomena in all regions of the world, in particular in …-declared and many workers enter employment relationships that do not provide any or only partial protection, work with little or no … other regulations can reduce informal employment, to what extent informality occurs as a result of job separations, how …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In … employment and self-employment. …

This paper takes stock of informal employment in Russia analyzing its incidence and determinants. Using the regular … informal employment and demonstrates that the incidence varies widely across the different definitions. We also show that the … determinants of informal employment are roughly stable across the different measures: workers who are males, relatively young …