This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

Having unique data we investigate informal employment and "envelope payments" as additional costs of worker … employment than their non-displaced counterparts. Our main results confirm our contention that displacement entraps some of the … workers in involuntary informal employment. Those who quit, in turn, experience voluntary informality for the most part, but …