This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

to measure nonstandard, boundary forms and alternative definitions of employment and unemployment. Our calculations show … alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but much lower in Romania and slightly lower in Estonia, and … alternative unemployment rates that are sharply higher in Romania and moderately higher in Estonia and Russia …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

are important advantages of focusing on a broader set of labor market outcomes, and not only on the unemployment rate …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment … employment and self-employment …