Introduced in the mobile telecommunications market across world, mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) are considered an effective way to promote competition. However, possible adverse consequences for infrastructure investment of mobile network operators (MNOs) create concern. In this paper,...

The liberalization of telecommunications is largely based on the premise that increasing competition will encourage investment. The hypothesis that liberalization promotes investment has received the most empirical support in recent research. However, a key question that has been largely ignored...