Drawing on economics and organizational behavior concepts, the authors develop a model of employee "voice" (defined in terms of the frequency of grievance filing) and employee intent to exit the firm. They test the model using data on a sample of non-management employees of a large multinational...

Using individual employee data from four unionized organizations over two three-year periods, this study analyzes the effects of grievance filing and settlement activity on post-grievance settlement outcomes. The results show that performance ratings, work attendance rates and promotion rates...