This paper carries on the recent work of Yang and Wang (2011) on tradable credit schemes by considering heterogeneous users with different value of time (VOT). Given a tradable credit scheme, the user equilibrium (UE) and market equilibrium (ME) conditions with heterogeneous users are formulated...

The continuous network design problem (CNDP) is generally formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). It aims to optimize the network performance via expansion of existing links subject to the Wardrop user equilibrium constraint. As one of the extremely challenging...