Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the non-linear threshold effects between trade openness and female labours to participate in the labour markets. Design/methodology/approach: The authors consider data for nine Asian countries from 1990 to 2016 period and perform the panel...

Purpose: This study aims to examine the unemployment hysteresis effects from the perspective of the heterogeneity of genders within Asian countries. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use the annual unemployment rate dataset of 12 Asian countries ranging from 1991–2020. Traditional unit...