This paper studies the team orienteering problem with time windows, the aim of which is to maximize the total profit collected by visiting a set of customers with a limited number of vehicles. Each customer has a profit, a service time and a time window. A service provided to any customer must...

The two-dimensional vector packing problem with piecewise linear cost function (2DVPP-PLC) is a practical problem faced by a manufacturer of children׳s apparel that ships products using courier service. The manufacturer must ship a number of items using standard-sized cartons, where the cost of...

In transportation service procurement, total quantity discounts offered by a strategic carrier are incentives to a shipper. While the shipper reduces total cost by activating discounts, the carrier can win a valuable contract as considerable freight volume is assigned. Moreover, a strategic...