This is the background paper for the productivity extension of the World Bank's Long-Term Growth Model (LTGM). Based on … an extensive literature review, the paper identifies the main determinants of economic productivity as innovation … representing each of the main categories of productivity determinants and, combining them through principal component analysis …

capital and slowing growth rates of total factor productivity and human capital. Strong reforms are required for Malaysia to …, and total factor productivity. In the strong reform scenario, based on growth drivers achieving a target corresponding to …

capital, and productivity; and 3) what potential growth scenarios for Syria there could be in the aftermath of war. Estimates … are affected by the assumed levels of reconstruction assistance, repatriation of refugees, and productivity improvements …