Variable annuities are equity-linked annuity products that have rapidly grown in popularity around the world in recent years. Research up to date on variable annuity largely focuses on the valuation of guarantees embedded in a single variable annuity contract. However, methods developed for...

In this article, we propose a multivariate Pascal mixture regression model as an alternative to understand the association between multivariate count response variables and their covariates. When compared to the copula approach, this proposed class of regression models is not only less complex...