In this article, the authors measure and interpret the common 'factors' that describe money market returns. Results are presented for both three- and four-factor models. The authors find that the three-factor model explains, on average, 86 percent of the total variation in most money market...

This paper was presented at the conference "Financial services at the crossroads: capital regulation in the twenty-first century" as part of session 5, "International capital allocation at financial institutions." The conference, held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on February 26-27,...

[...]In this paper, we therefore consider how riskmeasures, based on internal models of this type, might beintegrated into a firm’s own methodology for allocatingrisk capital to its individual business units and for determiningits optimal capital structure. We also consider theimplications of...

In this article we demonstrate that the optimal portfolios generated by the Black-Litterman asset allocation model have a very simple, intuitive property. The unconstrained optimal portfolio in the Black-Litterman model is the scaled market equilibrium portfolio (reflecting the uncertainty in...

The authors propose portfolios comprising simple and intuitive risk premiums (exotic betas) that are transparent and cost effective, perform well in different market environments, and are uncorrelated with equities. They are an alternative to traditional portfolios that are defined by their...