Over the past two decades, many developing countries have grown to become more familiar with the notions and the use of public-private partnership/private financing initiative (PPP/PFI) schemes in building large-scale infrastructure assets. However, owing to higher levels of complexity and...

In Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) infrastructure projects, host governments often provide subsidies, guarantees or alternative forms of support as incentives to attract private sector participation. A guaranteed level of minimum revenue, for example, can be specially designed to alleviate the...