We model competition between two firms in a vertical upstream-downstream relationship. Each firm can pay a sunk cost to enter the other’s market. For equilibria in which both firms enter, the downstream price can be lower than the joint profit maximizing level, and coordination (e.g., through...

We model competition between two firms in a vertical upstream-downstream relationship. Each firm can pay a sunk cost to enter the other’s market. For equilibria in which both firms enter, the downstream price can be lower than the joint profit maximizing level, and coordination (e.g., through...

We model competition between two firms in an upstream-downstream relationship. Each firm can pay a sunk cost to enter the other's market. We show that coordination (e.g., through merger) can be anticompetitive, and that such coordination can arise in equilibrium.