Health funding reforms often fail to change organizations’ and individuals’ behaviour in the way that policy makers intend. This is perhaps because financial incentive systems traditionally have been designed according to a “reward-punishment,” or behaviourist, model of influencing human...

Increasing interest in quality assurance and effectiveness in health care has been generated by three major observations: about 20% of care is consistently demonstrated to be inappropriate, variations in practice cannot be explained be patient or facility factors, and decreased utilization as a...