not always true for poverty. In Ethiopia, Tanzania, Ghana, Nicaragua, and Guatemala the extreme poverty headcount ratio is …

and poverty. Net direct and indirect taxes combined reduce the Gini coefficient by 0.0644 points and the headcount ratio … the elimination of energy subsidies. The main reduction in poverty occurs in rural areas, where the headcount ratio … declines from 44 to 23 percent. In urban areas, fiscally-induced poverty reduction is more modest: the headcount ratio declines …

Has aggregate income growth been effective in reducing poverty and inequality in Latin America? / Alain de Janvry and … in the developed world / Timothy M. Smeeding and Katherin Ross Phillips …