It has long been established in theory that uncertainty impacts on firm behaviour. However, the empirical basis for quantifying the uncertainty-reducing effects of trade agreements has not been firmly established. In this paper, we develop estimates of the effect of reducing uncertainty...

This note develops estimates of the trade-related costs of an exit by the United Kingdom from the European Union and compares these to the potential benefits of the alternative trade policies to which a fully independent UK would have access. An exit scenario that re-sets the UK's relationship...

This paper develops a new version of the GTAP database in which Canada is replaced by its provinces in order to allow the analysis of international trade agreements at a subnational level. The methodology in effect treats the individual provinces as separate trading entities, much like the...

Canada has recently concluded free trade agreements (FTAs) with two major economies, one trans-Atlantic (the EU) and one trans-Pacific (Korea); as well, it is negotiating a still larger agreement with Pacific Rim countries in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) initiative. From an economic...