We use techniques of group decision making and consensus under fuzzy preferences and fuzzy majority developed so as to compare five methods used for determining the degree of causality of eight variables for democratic consolidation. In particular for Q denoting the linguistic variable 'most',...

In this paper, we prove a fuzzy version of Arrow's Theorem that contains the crisp version. We show that under our definitions, Arrow's Theorem remains intact even if levels of intensities of the players and levels of membership in the set of alternatives are considered.

We examine the notion of a vague ring. We develop a method of constructing vague rings which can be used in the construction of other algebraic structures. We make a connection between vague rings and M-adic topologies on rings and also to the solution of nonlinear systems of equations and to...