Transitional economies can be characterized by considerable sub-national variation in economic and political characteristics. We investigate how this variance influences the timing of entry, entry mode, industrial traits, and survival rates for Japanese foreign direct investments (FDIs) made in...

We propose that the establishment of a host-country headquarters (HCHQ) in a large emerging market can be viewed as part of a multinational enterprise's (MNE) political strategy to facilitate its within-country diversifications by reducing institutional intervention of the host government. Using...