Japan’s experience shows that very negative circumstances are required for a country to suffer from protracted deflation. The comparison of Japan’s developments in the last few years with those of the US points to large differences, which suggest that the risk of deflation in the US is low....

La experiencia de Japón muestra que la deflación es un fenómeno que requiere unas circunstancias especialmente negativas, en las que no parece encontrarse actualmente la economía norteamericana. En cualquier caso, el estudio del proceso de deflación en Japón puede ser útil para otros...

RationaleSpanish goods imports grew in 2022 above what could be expected based on their traditional determinants (final demand and price competitiveness). It is therefore worth studying which additional elements underpinned purchases abroad.Takeaways•Energy market tensions caused by the...

The rise in global protectionist tensions in recent years has, after decades of across-the-board declines, entailed increases in tariffs that are proving detrimental to international trade and thereby affecting the Spanish economy's external sector outlook. This article estimates the effect of...

Spanish Abstract: La experiencia de Japón muestra que la deflación es un fenómeno que requiere unas circunstancias especialmente negativas, en las que no parece encontrarse actualmente la economía norteamericana. En cualquier caso, el estudio del proceso de deflación en Japón puede ser...

During the last years, Spanish goods exports have increased significantly against a background of widening of the Spanish firms exporting base. This change has been led by SMEs, although there is still a high concentration of international sales in a small fraction of large and stable exporters....

This paper uses detailed micro data on service exports at the firm-destination-service level to analyse the role of firm heterogeneity in shaping aggregate service exports in Belgium, France, Germany and Spain from 2003 to 2007. We decompose the level and the growth of aggregate service exports...

We examine the determinants of external stress episodes through probit analysis, focusing on the role of foreign liabilities in order to build an external crisis early warning indicator for a set of selected EMU countries. We use a panel country data spanning 1970-2011 from External Wealth...

The trade exposure of Spanish firms to the United Kingdom is significant, albeit lower than that to the main euro area countries. In 2017 the growth in Spanish firms’ goods exports to the UK market that dated back to 2012 came to an end, against a background of sterling depreciation against...

This paper investigates the impact of trade protectionism in the form of tariff barriers on Spanish goods exports. The Spanish economy has signicantly increased its degree of openness, which improves potential economic growth, but also implies a higher exposure to the protectionist shift in the...