, especially in developing countries. The paper first discusses the institutional constraints that impede access to finance … firm heterogeneity among small and medium enterprises in accessing finance. The focus is on various policies and reforms …

-size firms and data on a broad spectrum of financing sources, including leasing, supplier, development, and informal finance …. Small firms and firms in countries with poor institutions use less external finance, especially bank finance. Protection of … bank finance. Small firms do not use disproportionately more leasing or trade finance compared with larger firms, so these …

, especially in developing countries. The paper first discusses the institutional constraints that impede access to finance … firm heterogeneity among small and medium enterprises in accessing finance. The focus is on various policies and reforms …

This chapter reviews and synthesizes theoretical and empirical research on the role of finance in developing countries …