Investment returns on closed-end funds are highly volatile. Because expenses have a definite negative impact on closed-end fund returns, investors should include the expense ratio as a criterion for fund selection in addition to performance, investment objective, and risk of the fund. This paper...

The use of commodities to hedge inflation risk and diversify portfolios is generally considered to be an important consideration for portfolio management. Direct investment in commodities or commodity derivatives requires that investors have significant assets and/or expertise in these...

This study investigates the performance of Dividend Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) during both bull and bear markets. We compare their performance to a proxy for the U.S. market as measured by the S&P 500 ETF (IVV). Using data from Morningstar Direct we construct equally weighted portfolios of...