The paper proposes to intend the firm as a nexus of stakeholder, each bearing return-to-risk expectations on the overall corporate performance. All stakeholders must achieve their own satisfaction by bargaining contracts that must be sustainable, i.e. keep alive in the long term both the firm...

We investigate and find out the inner differences between stand-alone firms and those participating to Productive Chain Networks (PCNs) as far as ownership and corporate governance characteristics are concerned. PCNs are typical Italian economic realities made of small and medium enterprises...

The purpose of this article is to develop a bank-oriented rating approach, tailored by incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions, named "Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating" (BTIR). BTIR is able to catch the financial cycle, including the pandemic...

The main goal of the paper is to understand if the shareholder composition must be considered as part of the corporate governance framework or as monitoring factor. A related goal of the paper is to investigate if the shareholder composition must be included in the loop among the corporate...

We develop a banks' specific integrated rating approach, tailored incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions (see Mantovani et al., 2013 and 2014 regarding the heterogeneity risk analysis in corporate firms), named “bank tailored integrated...

Firms can be credit constrained either because a loan has been denied by the lender or because they decide not to apply for such a loan due to expected rejection. Using a large sample of European small and medium enterprises, we investigate the relationship between gender and credit constraints....

Firms may have gender differences in governance characteristics, which may lead to differences in the firms' performances themselves, and consequently in the way credit is allocated. The paper demonstrates that there are differences in governance characteristics and, most important, there is a...

Several studies investigated the predictability of financial distress. With this paper, we analyse the ability of Integrated Rating model to anticipate potential corporate crisis. In particular, we study bankrupt companies of four European Countries (Czech Republic, Spain, Italy, France,...

How do the Italian blue chips actually deal with disclosure about their business model? Does their disclosure strategies affect the cost of capital through a reduction in information risk premia? Performing a cluster analysis on the contents reported in annual reports, investor relations and...