This paper analyzes the evolution of Competition law and policy in the recent new Member States of the European Union. Institutions and rules were established in these countries throughout the nineties and there is already some experience about their enforcement, with relevant implications for...

The new EU initiative on collective redress reflects an evolution European Commission's position on private antitrust enforcement. The current approach of the Commission has more modest goals than those set by the White Paper (2008) and the Draft proposal of Directive Directive on rules...

This paper analyses the legal measures adopted to implement Directive 2014/104/EU into Spanish law. After briefly looking at the context of private enforcement of competition law in Spain, it examines the process followed for the transposition and the issues discussed before the adoption of the...

Ecuador and Bolivia have proved resilient to the establishment and the adoption of Competition Laws. Despite several drafts have been discussed in the last few years, to date no competition rules have been enacted.Notwithstanding, both are members of the Andean Community which have recently...

Almost a year ago, and after substantial debate and a long legislative process, the reform of Spanish competition regulation was completed. The new Competition Act, which came into force on September 1, 2007, supersedes the previous Act of 1989 and significantly transforms the Spanish system for...

This paper examines the impact that Directive 2014/104/EU in the rules governing private damages claims for competition infringements and in the ensuing latest litigation in some Member States. Not more than three years have passed since the Directive was implemented, but there are already signs...

After briefly describing the institutional and legal framework for antitrust damages claims in Spain, this article surveys the courts’ experience in deciding these actions and shows the rise in cartel follow-on claims in the last five years. Damages claims for antitrust infringements declared...

Spanish Abstract:</B> La exigencia de independencia de las autoridades administrativas de defensa de la competencia existentes en nuestro país (CNMC y autoridades autonómicas) se materializa en una regulación de su estructura, organización y funcionamiento sembrada de cautelas destinadas a...

Spanish Abstract: En ocasiones las conductas anticompetitivas de los operadores en el mercado vienen precedidas o acompañadas de intervenciones de los poderes públicos que las incitan, promueven o patrocinan. En otros casos las restricciones de la competencia se derivan directamente de una...