the level of intra-firm imports from Eastern Europe. They are also favoring outsourcing over offshoring. Low … alternative suppliers in Eastern Europe) are favoring offshoring over outsourcing. Tax holidays granted by host countries in …

of intrafirm imports from that region. These factors also favor outsourcing over offshoring. In contrast, low … alternative suppliers in Eastern Europe) favor offshoring over outsourcing. Tax holidays granted by host countries in Eastern …

find that multinational firms in Austria and Germany are outsourcing skill intensive activities to Eastern Europe taking … advantage of cheap abundant skilled labor there. We find that the firms' outsourcing activities to Eastern Europe are a response … found for the North American Free Trade Agreement. Skilled workers in Austria and Germany are losing from outsourcing. In …