In the field of mortality, the Lee-Carter based approach can be considered the milestone to forecast mortality rates among stochastic models. We could define a 'Lee-Carter model family' that embraces all developments of this model, including its first formulation (1992) that remains the...

One of the main challenges for life actuaries is modeling and predicting the future mortality evolution. To this end, several stochastic mortality models have been proposed in literature, starting from the pivotal approach of the Lee-Carter model. These models essentially use the ARIMA processes...

In the field of mortality, the Lee–Carter based approach can be considered the milestone to forecast mortality rates among stochastic models. We could define a “Lee–Carter model family” that embraces all developments of this model, including its first formulation (1992) that remains the...