To identify the causal relationship between health care spending and infant health, we introduce a new instrument: the number of infants born on a given day in a given hospital. The thought experiment is on a crowded day at-risk infants receive reduced care because resource constraints are...

Most theories of occupational regulation posit that the effects of occupational licensure regulations—laws that require members of an occupation to possess a license in order to practice—increase with time. In this paper, we take advantage of a quasi-experiment afforded by the fact...