This paper reviews the financing of the Spanish civil war. We present new evidence showing that the combatants, the Republican government, and the Franco administration followed similar financial strategies. We argue, contrary to established wisdom, that both sides consumed similar shares of...

The financial disturbances that originated in the US in the second half of 2007 are the latest in a series of episodes in various regions of the world in recent years. However, financial crises are not unique to current financial systems, history being full of banking and exchange rate crises....

Financial crises are not unique to current financial systems. Are crises alike? Have they become more frequent, longer lasting and more severe since the 20^th century? What does history tell us? The objective of this paper is to study the financial crises that have occurred in Spain over the last...

The gold standard began to emerge as a universal monetary system in the late 1870s, and it had spread throughout the world economy by 1900. It was unusual for nations to be off the gold standard, and it meant that they were detached from the international financial community. Spain never joined...